{ "cid": "1.2.1.4.1.1", "data": { "average": null, "crawled_on": "20-07-2026", "current_value": null, "last_update": "16-02-2026", "reporting_on": "1990-2024", "source": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/sdg_15_60?format=JSON&lang=EN", "target": null, "values": { "All common species": { "1990": 100.0, "1991": 100.2, "1992": 100.3, "1993": 100.3, "1994": 100.2, "1995": 99.9, "1996": 99.6, "1997": 99.2, "1998": 98.8, "1999": 98.2, "2000": 97.6, "2001": 96.8, "2002": 95.8, "2003": 94.8, "2004": 93.9, "2005": 93.0, "2006": 92.3, "2007": 91.7, "2008": 91.1, "2009": 90.6, "2010": 90.0, "2011": 89.5, "2012": 88.9, "2013": 88.4, "2014": 87.8, "2015": 87.3, "2016": 86.8, "2017": 86.2, "2018": 85.7, "2019": 85.2, "2020": 84.7, "2021": 84.3, "2022": 83.8, "2023": 83.3, "2024": 82.8 }, "Common farmland species": { "1990": 100.0, "1991": 98.8, "1992": 97.6, "1993": 96.3, "1994": 94.9, "1995": 93.5, "1996": 92.1, "1997": 90.7, "1998": 89.3, "1999": 87.9, "2000": 86.5, "2001": 85.1, "2002": 83.7, "2003": 82.3, "2004": 81.0, "2005": 79.6, "2006": 78.4, "2007": 77.2, "2008": 76.0, "2009": 74.9, "2010": 73.8, "2011": 72.6, "2012": 71.5, "2013": 70.4, "2014": 69.2, "2015": 68.2, "2016": 67.0, "2017": 66.0, "2018": 64.9, "2019": 63.8, "2020": 62.8, "2021": 61.7, "2022": 60.7, "2023": 59.7, "2024": 58.7 }, "Common forest species": { "1990": 100.0, "1991": 100.2, "1992": 100.3, "1993": 100.1, "1994": 99.6, "1995": 98.8, "1996": 97.9, "1997": 96.8, "1998": 95.8, "1999": 95.0, "2000": 94.0, "2001": 92.9, "2002": 91.7, "2003": 90.5, "2004": 89.5, "2005": 88.6, "2006": 88.0, "2007": 87.7, "2008": 87.5, "2009": 87.4, "2010": 87.3, "2011": 87.3, "2012": 87.4, "2013": 87.4, "2014": 87.6, "2015": 87.8, "2016": 88.1, "2017": 88.4, "2018": 88.8, "2019": 89.2, "2020": 89.8, "2021": 90.3, "2022": 91.0, "2023": 91.7, "2024": 92.5 } } }, "datasets": [ { "access_data_policy": "Free and open access", "accessible": true, "date": "2026-02-16", "description": "Common bird indices by type of estimate (Source: EBCC/BirdLife/RSPB/CSO))", "findable": true, "format": "Tabular", "id": 8, "interoperable": true, "licence_of_use": "Protocol on Impartial Access to Eurostat Data for Users: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/5798057/IMPARTIAL_ACCESS_2014_JAN-EN.PDF", "reference": "European Indicators, PECBMS (https://pecbms.info/trends-and-indicators/indicators/) accessed 24 February 2026. PECBMS methods, PECBMS (https://pecbms.info/methods/pecbms-methods/) accessed 24 February 2026.", "resolution": null, "reusable": true, "scale": null, "spatial_extent": "EU (country composition varies by reporting year)", "storage": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_bio3/default/table?lang=en", "tag": "ENV_BIO3", "temporal_extent": "1990-2024", "version": null } ], "documentation": { "accessible": true, "accuracy_uncertainties": "Temporal comparability: the entire time series is recalculated using a given model, each year, and the results are compared against the earlier ones by the data providers; however, fewer countries contributed to the data set in the early years of the data collection.", "cid": "1.2.1.4.1.1", "comments": null, "copyright": "Eurostat copyright notice: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Copyright/licence_policy.", "definition": "The indicator is a multi-species composite index, which measures the relative abundance of a selection of common bird species associated with specific habitats. Three groups of bird species are represented: common farmland species (39 species), common forest species (34 species) and all common bird species (168 species; including farmland and forest species). The index for each group is calculated at EU level only, using 1990 as reference year.", "documented": true, "has_target": false, "id": 5, "indicator": "Common bird index by type of species", "label": "4.1.1", "method": "1) Calculation of national indices per species by coordinators of national monitoring schemes; 2) calculation of composite multispecies indices (common farmland birds, common forest birds and all common birds) using Monte Carlo simulations as described in Soldaat et al. (2017) and an R-script (R-TRIM) developed by Statistics Netherlands (2017). No rare species are included, although some species common in certain Member States may be considered rare in others. The species covered under the common farmland and common forest indices are deemed to be dependent on that particular kind of habitat for feeding and nesting. The index of common farmland birds covers 39 species that depend on farmland (farmland specialists). The index of common forest birds covers 34 species that depend on forests (forest specialists). The index of all common birds covers both farmland and forest birds plus 95 other common species that depend on other habitats, including built-up areas, urban parks and gardens (generalist species). The list of species is available on PECBMS website (https://pecbms.info/methods/pecbms-methods/3-multispecies-indicators/species-selection-and-classification/). Each of the three EU bird indices is presented as a smoothed time series with 95% confidence limits. More information can be found in the metadata of the original dataset on the Eurostat website (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/env_biodiv_esms.htm).", "open_source": false, "peer_reviewed": true, "producer": "European Bird Census Council (EBCC); National BirdLife organisations; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB); Czech Society for Ornithology (CSO)", "provider": "Eurostat", "reference": "Sustainable development in the European Union - Monitoring report on progress towards the SDGs in an EU context - 2025 edition (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-flagship-publications/w/KS-01-24-018), accessed 24 February 2026. \nGregory, R. D., van Strien, A. J., Vorisek, P., Gmelig Meyling, A. W., Noble, D.G., Foppen, R.P.B. et Gibbons, D.W., 2005, 'Developing indicators for European birds', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360, pp. 269-288. \nSoldaat, L. L., Pannekoek, J., Verweij, R. J. T., van Turnhout, C. A. M. and van Strien, A. J., 2017, 'A Monte Carlo method to account for sampling error in multi-species indicators', Ecological Indicators 81, pp. 340\u2013347. Statistics Netherlands, 2017, Models and statistical methods in rtrim, Statistics Netherlands (https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/background/2018/49/models-and-statistical-methods-in-rtrim), accessed 24 February 2026.", "site_notes": "The values for the indicator are calculated using 1990 as year of reference.", "source": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_15_60/default/table?lang=en", "spatial_coverage": "EU (continental territories only; country composition varies by reporting year)", "spatial_scope_eu27": true, "spatial_scope_global": false, "spatial_scope_ms": false, "storage": null, "subtarget_id": 3, "summary": "This indicator is a multi-species index measuring changes in population abundances at EU level of a selection of common bird species associated with specific habitats (n=168). Three groups are represented: common farmland bird species (n=39), common forest bird species (n=34), and all common bird species (n=168, including farmland and forest species).The three indices give estimated bird numbers relative to the reference year 1990, when their value is set at 100. Values are calculated every year by the European Bird Census Council through the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme programme, based on data from citizen science, and further provided by Eurostat.", "tag": "SDG_15_60", "terrestrial": true, "time_coverage": "1990-2024", "type": "State", "unit": "Index measuring changes in population abundances of bird species compared to the reference year 1990 (Index 1990 = 100).", "update_frequency": "Every year", "validated": true, "visible": true, "visualisation": "timechartn", "web_service": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/sdg_15_60?format=JSON&lang=EN" }, "other_policies": [ { "label": "Sustainable Development Goals", "tag": "SDG", "url": "https://www.informea.org/fr/node/456322" }, { "label": "8th Environment Action Programme", "tag": "8EAP", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020PC0652&qid=1636558052767" }, { "label": "Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for the Common Agricultural Policy 2014-2020", "tag": "CMEF CAP 2014-2020", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52018DC0790&qid=16367267" } ], "tags": { "category": { "cid": "1.2.1", "label": null, "tag": "Strengthening the EU legal framework for nature restoration" }, "context": { "cid": "1", "label": "EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030", "tag": "EU-BDS" }, "subcontext": { "cid": "1.2", "label": "Restore ecosystems", "tag": "EU NATURE RESTORATION PLAN" }, "subtarget": { "cid": "1.2.1.4.1", "label": "Species show no deterioration in conservation trends and status", "tag": "Subtarget 4.1" }, "target": { "cid": "1.2.1.4", "label": "Legally binding EU nature restoration targets to be proposed in 2021, subject to an impact assessment. By 2030, significant areas of degraded and carbon-rich ecosystems are restored. Habitats and species show no deterioration in conservation trends and status; and at least 30% reach favourable conservation status or at least show a positive trend.", "tag": "Target 4" } } }